Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2001) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)

Compare Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2001) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)

	Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2001)	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2003)

Area	total: 412 sq km land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative	slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	These uninhabited, barren islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Climate	antarctic	tropical
Coastline	101.9 km	74.1 km
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	none	nationalist group in Indonesia reportedly seeks to populate reefs to assert claims; Australia has moved to close reefs to Indonesian traditional fishing and to create a national park while prospecting for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Economy - overview	no economic activity	no economic activity
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Southern Ocean 0 m highest point: Big Ben 2,745 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	the flag of Australia is used
Geographic coordinates	53 06 S, 72 31 E	12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note	primarily used for research stations	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1993)	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100%	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)
Legal system	the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Location	Southern Africa, islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia, south of the Indonesian half of Timor island
Map references	Antarctic Region	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM	contiguous zone: 12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Natural hazards	Heard Island is dominated by a dormant volcano called Big Ben	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	none	fish
People - note	-	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Population	uninhabited (July 2001 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	none; offshore anchorage only
Terrain	Heard Island - bleak and mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and rocky	low with sand and coral
Waterways	none	none

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